| The first excerpt represents the element of Air. It speaks of mental influences and the process of thought, and is drawn from Barlaam and Ioasaph by St. John of Damascus: courage and nobility won admiration even from that tyrant. But,
when after many punishments he failed to persuade them, and none
of them consented to discover Barlaam, he took and ordered them
to be led to the king, bearing with them the wallet with the
relics, and to be beaten and shamefully entreated as they went.
XXIII.
After many days Araches brought them to the king, and declared
their case. Then he set them before the bitterly incensed king:
and he, when he saw them, boiled over with fury and was like to
one mad. He ordered them to be beaten without mercy, and, when
he saw them cruelly mangled with scourges, could scarcely
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The second excerpt represents the element of Fire. It speaks of emotional influences and base passions, and is drawn from Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe: one of the cakes that Friday brought to the Spaniard too, who was
indeed very weak, and was reposing himself upon a green place under
the shade of a tree; and whose limbs were also very stiff, and very
much swelled with the rude bandage he had been tied with. When I
saw that upon Friday's coming to him with the water he sat up and
drank, and took the bread and began to eat, I went to him and gave
him a handful of raisins. He looked up in my face with all the
tokens of gratitude and thankfulness that could appear in any
countenance; but was so weak, notwithstanding he had so exerted
himself in the fight, that he could not stand up upon his feet - he
tried to do it two or three times, but was really not able, his
 Robinson Crusoe |