| The first excerpt represents the element of Air. It speaks of mental influences and the process of thought, and is drawn from Lysis by Plato: will he by 'shadowed hint reveal' the secrets great or small which an
unfortunate mistake has placed within his reach. He who is of a noble mind
will dwell upon his own faults rather than those of another, and will be
ready to take upon himself the blame of their separation. He will feel
pain at the loss of a friend; and he will remember with gratitude his
ancient kindness. But he will not lightly renew a tie which has not been
lightly broken...These are a few of the Problems of Friendship, some of
them suggested by the Lysis, others by modern life, which he who wishes to
make or keep a friend may profitably study. (Compare Bacon, Essay on
Friendship; Cic. de Amicitia.)
LYSIS, OR FRIENDSHIP
 Lysis |
The second excerpt represents the element of Fire. It speaks of emotional influences and base passions, and is drawn from Hiero by Xenophon: Moreover, on an actual campaign, where will you find an arm of greater
service to the citizens than these wage-earning troops?[7] than whom,
it is likely, there will none be found more resolute to take the
lion's share of toil or peril, or do outpost duty, keeping watch and
ward while others sleep, brave mercenaries.
[7] The author is perhaps thinking of some personal experiences. He
works out his theory of a wage-earning militia for the protection
of the state in the "Cyropaedia." See esp. VII. v. 69 foll.
And what will be the effect on the neighbour states conterminous with
yours?[8] Will not this standing army lead them to desire peace beyond
all other things? In fact, a compact force like this, so organised,
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