| The first excerpt represents the element of Air. It speaks of mental influences and the process of thought, and is drawn from Woman and Labour by Olive Schreiner: change which is going on is not far more in volume and social importance,
but that, having overcome the first obstruction, it is now noiseless.)
Between the Emilias and Sophy Westerns of a bygone generation and the most
typical of modern women, there exists no greater gap (probably not so great
a one) as that which exists between the Tom Joneses and Squire Westerns of
that day and the most typical of entirely modern men.
The sexual and social ideals which dominated the fox-hunting, hard-
drinking, high-playing, recklessly loose-living country squire, clergyman,
lawyer, and politician who headed the social organism of the past, are at
least as distinct from the ideals which dominate thousands of their male
descendants holding corresponding positions in the societies of today, as
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The second excerpt represents the element of Fire. It speaks of emotional influences and base passions, and is drawn from The Psychology of Revolution by Gustave le Bon: trifling ameliorations of every day accumulated in course of
time. The great social changes, like the great geological
changes, are effected by the daily addition of minute causes.
The economic history of Germany during the last forty
years proves in a striking manner the truth of this law.
Many important events which seem to depend more or less on
hazard--as battles, for example--are themselves subject to this
law of the accumulation of small causes. No doubt the decisive
struggle is sometimes terminated in a day or less, but many
minute efforts, slowly accumulated, are essential to victory. We
had a painful experience of this in 1870, and the Russians have
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